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Настоящая монография посвящена международным экологическим договорам, участником которых является Туркменистан. В ней рассматриваются международная и национальная политика в области окружающей среды и устойчивого развития, международные обязательства страны по экологическим конвенциям и договорам, а также правовые инструменты и институциональные механизмы, обеспечивающие выполнение этих международно-правовых документов. Монография представлена на туркменском и русском языках.

Marine litter, including plastic and microplastic, is a global concern affecting all the oceans and seas of the world. It poses environmental, economic, health and aesthetic problems that are rooted in poor solid waste management practices, lack of infrastructure, indiscriminate human activities and behaviours and an inadequate understanding on the part of the public of the potential consequences of their actions. Development of the Caspian Marine Litter Action Plan is embodied in the Moscow Protocol against pollution from land-based sources. 

The preparation of the draft Caspian Regional Marine Litter Action Plan (CRMLAP) was undertaken by the national experts from the Caspian Sea littoral states and an international expert. For that purpose, five National Experts were contracted to provide their national inputs and contributions for the development of the Caspian Marine Litter Action Plan where the International Expert fully facilitates the development of the Caspian Marine Litter Action Plan.

This publication is prepared within the framework of the OSCE project "Aarhus Center in Ashgabat." The project supports implementation of the Aarhus Convention in Turkmenistan through National Aarhus Center, which is designed to facilitate access the public to environmental information, participation in decisions related to environmental issues and access to justice in matters relating to the environment. This collection of legislative acts is directed toward environmental organizations, public associations and citizens, interested in legislation in the field of environmental protection environment and nature management, as well as state bodies, in order to ensure public access to participation in nature protection. Compiler of the collection and the author of the preface is Kepbanov Y.A., Candidate of Legal Sciences.

Настоящее издание подготовлено в рамках проекта ОБСЕ «Орхус-центр в Ашхабаде». Проект предусматривает поддержку выполнения Орхусской конвенции в Туркменистане через Национальный Орхус-центр, который призван содействовать доступу общественности к экологической информации, участию в принятии решений, связанных с экологическими вопросами и доступу к правосудию по вопросам, касающимся окружающей среды. Настоящий сборник законодательных актов ориентирован на природоохранные организации, общественные объединения и граждан, интересующихся законодательством в области охраны окружающей среды и природопользования, а также государственные органы, обеспечивающие доступ общественности к участию в мероприятиях в области охраны природы. Составитель сборника и автор предисловия Кепбанов Ё.А. – кандидат юридических наук.

Natural seeps and easily exploited surface deposits of crude oil on land have been utilized in the Caspian Sea region earlier than 300 BC. The modern-day picture is a region with oil reserves of global importance, facing a key challenge of the transportation of crude oil to markets. There has been considerable focus on developing oil spill preparedness in the Caspian Sea region. This has involved the governments, regional bodies, the oil industry and a range of other stakeholders and international organizations (notably UNEP, IMO and OSCE). This effort is in addition to the primary focus on preventing spills.

Countries are developing and implementing National Contingency Plans in order to have effective national response systems, which also act as the basis for regional cooperation.